四分制检验的来源
我们通常提到四分制,经常会说“美标四分制”。这是因为四分制的标准是由美国材料实验协会(American Society of Testing Materials,简称ASTM)编制的,标准编号为ASTM D5430。该标准的英文全名是Standard Test Methods For Visually Inspecting AndGrading Fabrics,对应的中文名称是《织物目视检验分级的标准检测方法》。“因为该标准的核心内容是以1分、2分、3分、4分来划分布面上出现的瑕疵,因此该标准被简称为“四分制”。
四分制ASTM D5430标准的英文原文包括“范围”、“引用文件”、“术语”、“测试方法”、“装置”、“抽样”、“缺陷与公差”、“精度与偏差”等等13个章节,并且其内容又涉及ASTM D123, D2905, D3990, D4989, D4850, ANSI/ASQCZ1.4等至少8个其它相关标准的内容。因此,即使配上中文对照,若不是一个懂得专业术语以及相关标准的内行人士,依然会难以读懂,更难以领会。因此以下的内容省略了大部分羞涩难懂、或非重点内容,直接展示四分制标准的核心内容,即第10章节的“程序”和第11章节的“计算”。
四分制检验方法的核心内容
Pass the fabric longitudinally through the inspection area at a visual inspection speed, agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
按照双方约定的速度,让织物纵向通过检测区域。
Visually inspect and grade from a viewing distance of one meter or yard while the fabricis in motion. Fabric may be stopped to grade when necessary to affirm marginal defects and defects may be flagged.
目视眼睛和检查部位相隔1米或1码的距离,在织物移动的过程中做目视检查,织物可以停下来以便确认处于边界条件下的疵点,并且疵点可以用箭头标识。
Inspect and grade the total length of eachroll or bolt sampled.
对每卷织物的总长度进行检查和分级。
Detect and assign points to defects observedas agreed upon in 9.1 - 9.4 using options A (10.6), B (10.7), or C (10.8).
检测根据9.1 - 9.4中的约定情形,选用选项A(10.6),B(10.7),或C(10.8)的评分标准,对织物进行检查和计分。
Assign points to the defects based upon their length within the plane of the fabric according to one of the following options of assigning points, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
按双方的约定,采用下列选项之一,根据织物表面疵点的长度,统计疵点的扣分。
Point Assignment Option A
疵点评分标准的选项A:
6.1 Assign no more than a total of 4 points to any one linear meter or yard of fabric, regardless of the number or size of the detected individual defects.
在任何一个线性米长或码长的范围内,无论检查到的单个疵点的尺寸或数量,疵点扣分不得超过4分。
6.2 Assign 4 points to each consecutive linear meter or yard in which a continuous running defect exceeds 230 millimeters or 9 inches.
对于每一个线性米长或码长范围内,长度超过230毫米或9英寸的疵点扣4分。
6.3 Assign 4 points to each linear meter or yard of fabric where the useable width is less than the minimum specified.
在任何一个线性米长或码长的范围内,可使用的织物宽度小于最低规定宽度的,扣4分。
6.4 Assign 4 points to each seam or other full width defect or seam if applicable.
任何接缝或全门幅宽度的疵点,都是扣4分。
Point Assignment Option B
疵点评分标准的选项B:
NOTE 1 – For every additional 230 mmor 9 in., add one to the assigned points for the previous increment.
注意:每增加230毫米或9英寸,扣分分值增加1分。
7.1 Assign demerit points for defects in increments of 230 mm or 9 in.or parts thereof.
计入每增加230毫米或9英寸增量、或不足此增量的的扣分分值。
7.2 Determine the maximum number of points per linearmeter or yard by dividing the fabric width by 230 mm or 9 in.as applicable in mm or in.
确定每一个线性米长或码长的最高疵点分值:用织物宽度除以230毫米或9英寸(用相同的单位)。
Examples Per Linear Metre:
1220 mm fabric width/230 mm = 5 points
1530mm fabric width/230 mm= 7 points
例如每一个线性米长:
宽度1220mm的织物,最大可接受疵点数值为1220mm / 230mm = 5分
宽度1530mm的织物,最大可接受疵点数值为1530mm / 230mm = 7分
Examples Per Linear Yard:
48 in. fabric width/9 in. = 6 points
60in. fabric width/9 in. =7 points
例如每一个线性码长:
宽度是48英寸的织物,最大可接受疵点数值为48英寸 / 9英寸 = 6分
宽度是60英寸的织物,最大可接受疵点数值为60英寸 / 9英寸 = 7分
7.3 Assign no more than 4 points per square metre or yard regardless of the number or sizeof the detected individual defect..
在每平方米或平方码以内,无论检查到的单个疵点的尺寸或数量,疵点扣分不得超过4分。
7.4 Assign 4 points to each consecutive linear metre or yard containing a continuous running defect.
对于连续出现的疵点,每一个线性米长或码长记4分。
7.5 No defect within 500 mm or 20 in. to either side of an extended or running defect shall be counted.
一个延伸的或连续的疵点两边500mm或者20英寸之内,如出现其它疵点,不扣分。
7.6 Assign no more than onedefect point for multiple defects within a 250 mm or 10 in.square.
在250平方毫米或10平方英寸之内,即使有多个疵点,也只扣1分。
7.7 Assign the maximum number of points allowable per linear metre or yard where the usable width is less than the minimum specified.
在任何一个线性米长或码长的范围内,可使用的织物宽度小于最低规定宽度的,按每米或每码最高扣分计算。
7.8 Assign the maximum number of points allowable per linear metre or yard to each splice or full width defect.
任何接缝或全门幅宽度的疵点,按每米或每码最高扣分计算。
Point Assignment Option C 疵点评分标准的选项C:
8.1 Assign no more than a total of 10 points to any one linear meter or yard of fabric regardless of the numberor size of the detected individual defects.
在每一个线性米长或码长以内,无论检查到的单个疵点的尺寸或数量,疵点扣分不得超过10分。
8.2 Assign 10 points to each consecutive linear meter or yard containing a continuous running defect.
对于连续出现的疵点,每一个线性米长或码长记10分。
8.3 Assign10 points to each linear meter or yard of fabric where the usable width is lessthan the minimum specified.
在任何一个线性米长或码长的范围内,可使用的织物宽度小于最低规定宽度的,按每米长或码长扣10分。
8.4 Assign 10 points to eachsplice or other full width defect.
任何接缝或全门幅宽度的疵点,按每米长或码长扣10分。
四分制分值的计算
Total the number of points assigned for each roll or belt examined. Calculate thepoints per 100 sq.m or sq.yd or to points per 100 linear m or yd.
统计每卷织物的单卷扣分,按照以下等式计算每卷织物每100平方米或平方码、或每100米或码的平均疵点分值。
Points/100 m2 = 100,000 P/WL (1)
Points/100 yd2 = 3,600 P/WL (2)
Points/100Linear Meter = 100 P/WL (3)
Points/100Linear Yard = 100 P/WL (4)
where: 其中:
P = total points assigned, 每卷疵点总分
W = fabric width mm or in., 织物宽度(mm或inch)
L = fabric length examiner,m or yd. 织物检验出的长度(米或码)